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☆ What happened when the Trinity test bomb detonated, from the creation of green glass to fallout that drifted over 1,000 miles
▼ + stars: | 2023-08-01 | by ( Jenny Mcgrath | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +14 min

Scientists set off the Trinity test atomic bomb on July 16, 1945. Base camp (9.5 miles away): Through his dark glass, Fermi had the impression the desert was suddenly brighter than day. Chupadera Mesa (30 miles away): Fallout rained on cattle near Chupadera Mesa, giving them serious beta burns, which appear similar to a sunburn. Over 1,000 miles away: In August 1945, Kodak customers complained that their X-ray film, sensitive to radiation, was ruined. The Trinity test fallout had reached the Midwest.

Persons: Trinity, McAllister Hull, Hans Courant, Enrico Fermi, Oppenheimer, Bruce Cameron Reed, Val Fitch, Warren Nyer, General Thomas F, Farrell, Fermi, Rabi, Campañia, Edward Teller, William Spindel, Hans Bethe, Leslie Groves's, Janet Farrell Brodie's, Lilli Hornig, Norris Bradbury, Fitch, Spindel, Hornig, Brodie, Schmidt, McDonald, Reed, sheepherder Jack Denton, Los Alamos Louis Henry Hempelmann, James L, Nolan Jr, Jennet Connet, Bingham, Chupadera, Nolan, Ruidoso, Henry Herrera, Sébastien Philippe, Susan Alzner, Gilbert P, Compo, Mason Grimshaw, Megan Smith, Julian Webb Organizations: Trinity, Service, Manhattan, National Security Research, Geographic, Atomic Energy, Hans, Atomic Heritage Foundation, Base, Manhattan Project, SED, Alamogordo Air Base, Alamos, McDonald, House, Fitch, Silver City, New York Times, Los Alamos, Centers for Disease Control, Princeton University, Consortium, Kodak, Princeton Locations: Wall, Silicon, New Mexico, Sandia, Amarillo , Texas, Albuquerque, Fitch, Los, Bingham, Chupadera Mesa, Nevada, Indiana, Canada, Mexico

☆ 'Oppenheimer' doesn't get Einstein's relationship with the Los Alamos director quite right. Here's what they really thought of each other.
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-28 | by ( Morgan Mcfall-Johnsen | Jenny Mcgrath | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +7 min

In reality, Einstein and J. Robert Oppenheimer knew each other but weren't friends until much later. The movie focuses on J. Robert Oppenheimer, who led the assembly and testing of the first-ever atomic bomb at Los Alamos in New Mexico. Einstein and Oppenheimer disagreed on a key issue: the governmentOppenheimer (right) standing with General Leslie Groves of the US army. Out of fear the Nazis would develop and use a nuclear weapon, Einstein wrote the letter that convinced President Franklin D. Roosevelt to launch an atom-bomb program. Einstein the outsider, Oppenheimer the disgraced insiderJ. Robert Oppenheimer in 1950.

Persons: Albert Einstein, Christopher Nolan, Oppenheimer, Einstein, J, Robert Oppenheimer, Nolan, Alex Wellerstein, Corbis, who'd, Edward Teller, Wellerstein, Arthur Compton, Leslie Groves, Einstein wasn't, wouldn't, Franklin D, Roosevelt, Lewis Strauss, Strauss Organizations: Service, Manhattan, Princeton, New York Times, Manhattan Project, University of Chicago, Times, Getty, Trinity, National Security Research, United Locations: Wall, Silicon, Los Alamos, New Mexico, Princeton, United States

☆ What it was like to live at the Los Alamos lab site during the Manhattan Project
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-25 | by ( Jenny Mcgrath | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +14 min

Los Alamos National LaboratorySituated 7,300 feet above sea level and roughly 35 miles from Santa Fe, the Los Alamos site seemed ideal for a secret laboratory. Constant constructionCompared to the Chicago labs, where some of the work on the Manhattan Project was being done, Los Alamos was starting from scratch. The commissary is where many Los Alamos residents did most of their grocery shopping during the Manhattan Project. Mary Palvesky is the daughter of Harry Palevsky and Elaine Sammel, who both worked at Los Alamos during the Manhattan Project. After the US dropped the bombs, the site became the Los Alamos National Laboratory.

Persons: J, Robert Oppenheimer, he'd, Oppenheimer, Abraham Pais, Laura Fermi, Enrico Fermi's, Robert Wilson, Leslie Groves, John Henry Manley, would've, McAllister Hull, Richard Feynman's, Groves, you'd, Robert Serber, Serber, John Manley, Leon Fisher, Phyllis, Emile Segré, Leon, Phyllis Fisher, wouldn't, Ruth Marshak, Elsie McMillan, Enrico Fermi, Jane Wilson, Charlotte Serber, Kitty Oppenheimer, Los Alamos, Lucie Genay, they'd, Edward Teller, Bernice Brode, Robert Brode, Jean Bacher, Thomas Mann's, Fisher, Mary Palvesky, Harry Palevsky, Elaine Sammel, Palvesky, Joseph Rotblat, Hans Bethe, Pavlevsky, Bethe, couldn't, Marcos, Maria Gómez Organizations: Manhattan Project, Service, Manhattan, Trinity Test, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos National, Los Alamos Ranch School, Manhattan Project . National Security Research, Los Alamos, Alamos lab's Tech Area, National Security Research Center, Residents, Carpenters, Tech, Security Research, Los, Nuclear Weapons Industry, couldn't, Trinity, Chicago Met Lab, Japan Locations: New Mexico, Los Alamos, Wall, Silicon, Alamos, Santa Fe, Chicago, Los, Mexican, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Berkeley, New York

☆ The remarkable story of the world's first atomic bomb and how Oppenheimer reacted to the historic moment
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-25 | by ( Amanda Macias | Joshua Zitser | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +4 min

The world's first atomic bomb was detonated in the New Mexico desert on July 16, 1945. But in a later interview about the decision to drop the bomb, Oppenheimer said that at the moment of the explosion he thought of a line from the Hindu scripture Bhagavad-Gita, "Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds." Norris Bradbury stands next to the partially assembled Gadget atop the test tower. WikipediaLess than a month later, on August 6, 1945, the US dropped a five-ton atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Oppenheimer later told the American Philosophical Society: "We have made a thing, a most terrible weapon, that has altered abruptly and profoundly the nature of the world."

Persons: Oppenheimer, Albert Einstein, Leslie Groves, J, Robert Oppenheimer, Christopher Nolan's, Oppenheimer's, John Donne, Einstein, Gadget, Amanda Macias, Norris Bradbury Organizations: Manhattan, Service, Department of Energy, YouTube, US, Japan's, Getty, American Philosophical Locations: New Mexico, Wall, Silicon, —, Alamogordo , New Mexico, American, Germany, America, Hiroshima, Japan's Nagasaki, Japan, New York

☆ 'Oppenheimer' leaves out New Mexicans exposed to radiation from the Manhattan Project, despite local efforts to contact filmmakers
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-25 | by ( Morgan Mcfall-Johnsen | Jenny Mcgrath | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +10 min

The Manhattan Project displaced some New Mexicans and employed others at Los Alamos in the 1940s. Christopher Nolan's new film "Oppenheimer" leaves out these lasting, local impacts. The Manhattan Project displaced some New Mexicans, employed others, and irradiated potentially thousands. Her grandfather was the physicist Enrico Fermi, who worked on the Manhattan Project and is played by Danny Deferrari in the film. The Oppenheimer character briefly mentions people living in the area when he proposes it as the site for the Manhattan Project.

Persons: Christopher Nolan's, Oppenheimer, J, Robert Oppenheimer, Tina Cordova's, Cordova, Robert Alexander, me, Christopher Nolan, Wiktor, Getty Images Cordova, Olivia Fermi, Kai Bird, Fermi, Cordova's, Enrico Fermi, Danny Deferrari, It's, Los, Rosario Martinez Fiorillo, Nolan, Elizabeth, Alvin Graves, Elizabeth Graves, Alex Wellerstein, Geiger, Bob Bell, Matt McClain, Graves, Nobody, Leslie Groves, Wellerstein, Cillian Murphy Organizations: Manhattan Project, Service, New, New Mexico History, Pixar, Odeon Luxe, Anadolu Agency, Getty Images, Manhattan, Los Alamos Ranch, Trinity, San, El Rancho, Trinity Test, Stevens Institute of Technology, Washington, Getty, National Park Service, Los Alamos, Alamogordo, Base, Associated Press, Army, Pictures, NPS Locations: Los Alamos, Wall, Silicon, New Mexico, Tularosa, Trinity, Santa Fe, California, London, Vancouver, Alamogordo , New Mexico, San Ildefonso Pueblo, El, Carrizozo , New Mexico, Amarillo , Texas, Silver City , New Mexico, Cordova, Los

☆ 'Oppenheimer' fact v. fiction: A nuclear historian breaks down what the movie got right and wrong
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-21 | by ( Jenny Mcgrath | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +18 min

J. Robert Oppenheimer was an immensely complex figure, and the movie's based on a biography of him. Fact: Oppenheimer mocked Strauss about isotopesJ. Robert Oppenheimer testifies before the Senate in October 1945. Fact: A big thunderstorm delayed the Trinity TestOppenheimer (Cillian Murphy) stands next to the test bomb in "Oppenheimer." If it weren't for the atomic bomb, Oppenheimer would likely be best known for bolstering theoretical physics at the University of California, Berkeley. Fiction: Oppenheimer consulted Einstein about Teller's calculations(L-R) Tom Conti as Albert Einstein and Cillian Murphy as J. Robert Oppenheimer in "Oppenheimer."

Persons: Christopher Nolan's, Oppenheimer, Robert Oppenheimer, J, Alex Wellerstein, Kai Bird, Martin Sherwin, Wellerstein, Niels Bohr wasn't, Patrick Blackett, Bird, Sherwin, Blackett, Niels Bohr, Ernest Rutherford, Bohr, Oppenheimer's, Cillian Murphy, Abraham Pais, Baudelaire, e.e, cummings, who's, Haakon Chevalier, Peter, Peter Oppenheimer, Kitty, Haakon, Barbara Chevalier, Robert, Perro, Werner Heisenberg, peppering Bohr, Heisenberg, Strauss, David Hill, Lewis Strauss, Dwight D, David Inglis, Inglis, I've, Arthur Compton, Trinity Test Oppenheimer, Jack Hubbard, Leslie Groves, Hubbard, Feynman, Richard Feynman, I'm, Groves, Robert Serber, David Bohm, Philip Morrison, Willis Lamb, Hitler, Hartland Snyder, Kip Thorne, John Wheeler, Roger Penrose, Penrose, Murphy, Trinity, there's, —, Karl T, Compton, Stimson, Henry Stimson, that's, Harry Truman, Wallenstein, Einstein, Tom Conti, Albert Einstein, Melinda Sue Gordon, Edward Teller, Hans Bethe, Enrico Fermi, Bethe, Roger Robb, He's, Teller, Stanislaw Ulam, Gordon Dean, Charlotte Serber, Charlotte Serber's, she's, Serber Organizations: Service, Manhattan Project's Los Alamos Laboratory, Stevens Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Eisenhower's, Federation of American Scientists, Time, Atomic Energy Committee, Trinity Test, Trinity, Los, University of California, Clovis, National Security Research, Manhattan Project . National Security Research, FBI Locations: Wall, Silicon, England, Leiden, Holland, New Mexico, Perro Caliente, Los Pinos , New Mexico, Germany, Nazi, Denmark, Sweden, Los Alamos, Europe, Berkeley, Poland, Amarillo , Texas, Japan, Kyoto, Alamos

☆ Oppenheimer's famous quote 'I am become Death' isn't really his. The ominous words come from Hindu scripture.
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-20 | by ( Morgan Mcfall-Johnsen | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +4 min

J. Robert Oppenheimer watched the first atom bomb explode and thought, "Now I am become Death." That's right," Alan Robock, a climatologist and leading expert on nuclear winter, told Insider. The mushroom cloud of the Trinity nuclear test rises over the New Mexico desert. It was the first atom bomb explosion, ever. Similarly, the new film grapples with the question of how much Oppenheimer was (or wasn't) responsible for how the US used the atom bomb, and for the people it killed.

Persons: Robert Oppenheimer, Oppenheimer, Vishnu, —, Alan Robock, Christopher Nolan's, Prince, Kenneth Bainbridge, Rev, Stephen Thompson, Gita, Leslie Groves, J, Arjuna, Lord Krishna, Krishna, Thompson Organizations: NBC, Service, Manhattan, Trinity, National Security Research, Trinity Test, Wired Locations: Wall, Silicon, New Mexico, Hiroshima, Nagasaki

☆ Christopher Nolan and the ‘Oppenheimer’ cast discuss the atomic bomb and its chilling echoes today: ‘Humanity can only deal with one apocalypse at a time’
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-17 | by ( Thomas Page David Daniel | Thomas Page | David Daniel | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +8 min

It would have seemed inconceivable then, but the atomic bomb did fade out of mind. And it’s precisely at this moment that Christopher Nolan is asking audiences to look it soberly in the eye. As the name suggests, Nolan has taken on the life of J. Robert Oppenheimer, the scientific genius and conflicted godfather of the atomic bomb. Cillian Murphy as godfather of the atomic bomb J. Robert Oppenheimer in "Oppenheimer." But even if a war involving a nuclear power hadn’t erupted in Europe in 2022, Nolan believes “Oppenheimer” contains crossover anxieties.

Persons: CNN —, Dimitri, Stanley Kubrick’s, Strangelove, Christopher Nolan, ” Nolan, “ Oppenheimer, ”, Nolan, J, Robert Oppenheimer, Cillian Murphy, Oppenheimer, –, Robert Oppenheimer ”, Kai Bird, Martin Sherwin, “, “ We’re, ” Murphy, McCarthy, Kitty, Emily Blunt, Jean Tatlock, Florence Pugh, Chris, Matt Damon, Leslie Groves, Spielberg, Ryan, ’, Chris Nolan, Robert Downey Jr, Lewis Strauss, Damon, it’s, ” Cillian Murphy, Melinda Sue Gordon, Universal Pictures Nolan, Murphy, Universal Pictures Kubrick, There’s, ” Downey, Knight ”, there’s, ” “ Oppenheimer ” Organizations: CNN, Manhattan, U.S . Atomic Energy Commission, Universal Pictures, Los Alamos, Manhattan Project, Trinity Locations: Cambridge, Russia, Ukraine, New Mexico, Europe

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